ABSTRACT
Objetivos: identificar diferencias en indicadores analíticos y de síndrome metabólico entre consumidores o no consumidores de alcohol y población trabajadora española como base para planificar actuaciones preventivas en las empresas. Métodos: estudio descriptivo realizado en 929 personas del sector de servicios en España, sin selección previa. Se valoró el consumo de alcohol referido y se relacionó con indicadores del síndrome metabólico, hepáticos, de obesidad, con edad y sexo. Las diferencias entre las medias se valoraron mediante la prueba t student y las diferencias en las proporciones mediante tablas de contingencia. Resultados: participaron 546 (58,77 %) hombres y 383 (41,23 %) mujeres, media de edad 45 años. Menor consumo de alcohol en mujeres. No se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en los indicadores analíticos en relación con el consumo de alcohol. Es importante valorar la tendencia positiva en las concentraciones de triglicéridos y el síndrome metabólico en mujeres (p= 0,007). Conclusiones: los resultados obtenidos orientan a realizar estudios más precisos y con mayor tamaño muestral en apoyo a políticas preventivas de consumo de alcohol y mejora de la salud de los trabajadores.
Objectives: to identify differences in analytical indicators and in metabolic syndromes between alcohol consumers and non-consumers and the Spanish working population as a basis of planning preventive actions in companies. Methods: descriptive study conducted in 929 persons from the service sector in Spain, without being previously selected. The alcohol consumption was assessed and compared with metabolic syndrome, hepatic, obesity, age and sex indicators. Mean differences were assessed with Student's t test and the differences in proportions through the contingency tables. Results: five hundred and forty six (58.77 %) men and three hundred and eighty three (41.23 %) women, 45 years-old as average, participated. Lower alcohol consumption in women was observed. Statistically significant differences were not observed in the analytical indicators with respect to alcohol consumption. There was positive tendency to be taken into account in the triglyceride concentrations and the metabolic syndrome in women (p= 0,007). Conclusions: the achieved results advice the conduction of more precise studies with larger samples to support alcohol consumption prevention policies and to improve the health of workers.
ABSTRACT
Background: Psychiatric and mood disorders may hamper the efficiency of workers and cause absenteeism. Material and Methods: Revision of sick leaves related to schizophrenia, bipolar diseases, anxiety, depression and adaptive disorders that were granted in Spain in the period January- December 2011. The mean number of days off work for each disease and the costs per each labor day lost were calculated. Results: The total number of labor days lost for schizophrenia, bipolar diseases and mood disorders were 72,831; 899,107 and 3,666,055 days, respectively. The mean duration of sick leaves for the same diagnoses were 84; 100 and 64 days/year respectively. The total indirect costs of sick leaves for psychiatric diseases during 2011 were € 100 million approximately, corresponding to 4% of costs for all diseases. Conclusions: The high costs of absenteeism derived from psychiatric diseases should prompt measures to promote a better adaptation to work environments of people suffering these ailments.